Using science to get the most out of nature...
At Xtend-Life, we ensure that only the best goes into our quality supplements. No expense is spared in the sourcing of raw ingredients, and each is carefully selected for purity, potency and bio-availability. We then optimize these ingredients by blending them with complimentary ingredients to ensure optimal synergy within the formulations.
Find out the important roles each ingredient plays in Xtend-Life formulations. Use this section to learn more about individual ingredients: their many benefits, ingredient origins and the Xtend-Life products they feature in. All ingredients are listed alphabetically, simply click on an ingredient to learn more.
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is an amino acid that occurs naturally in the human body. Its primary use in the human body is as a precursor in the conversion of tryptophan.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is chemically classified as a nucleoside triphosphate. Its primary biological use is as a coenzyme.
Alfalfa, known scientifically as Medicago sativa, is a flowering plant in the Fabaceae family, which includes peas.
Aloe vera is a species of plant with very short stems or no stems at all. It can exceed three feet in height and has thick leaves that are green or gray-green in color.
Alpha Lipoic Acid is an organosulfur compound that is biosynthesized by all animals. It is a cofactor in many enzymes and an essential component of aerobic metabolism.
Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch molecules into simple sugars.
Andrographis is a genus of plants in the acanthus family. The precise number of Andrographis species is difficult to establish, although estimates range from 19 to 44.
Astaxanthin is a type of carotenoid known as a xanthophyll, which is a pigment that gives plants a red-pink color.
Astragalus is one of the most widely used Chinese traditional medicines. It is also known as huang qi or milk vetch. There are over 2,000 different species of Astragalus. The species Astragalus membranaceus is used in dietary supplements.
Bacopa is a genus of up to 100 aquatic plants, with Bacopa monnieri being one its best known members.
Barley is a species of grass known scientifically as Hordeum vulgare. It is typically cultivated as a cereal crop and is especially popular Tibetan cuisine.
Beta carotene is a red-orange pigment found in many plants. Its primary use in plants is to protect them from damage by excessive sunlight.
Glycine betain was first isolated from sugar beets in the 19th century. It was the first betain discovered, although many other betains have been discovered since then.
Bilberry is the common name for several species of plants in the Vaccinium genus, especially V. myrtillus. They are low-growing shrubs that are closely related to blueberries and are often mistaken for blueberries.
Biotin is a coenzyme that is also known by other common names such as coenzyme R, vitamin B7 and vitamin H. It has eight specific forms, but only D-biotin is completely biologically active in humans.
Black cumin is the common name for Nigella sativa, a flowering annual plant native to southern Asia. It can grow to one foot in height and has thin leaves with delicate flowers.
New Zealand non-GMO blackcurrants have a deep purple/black colour indicating the presence of the anthocyanins, which have exceptionally strong antioxidant activity as well as other health-promoting qualities.
A trace mineral that plays a role in the prevention of osteoporosis as it reduces calcium loss from bones. It is important in brain function and prostate health.
The Boswellia genus of flowering trees contains four primary species, including B. frereana, B. papyrifera, B. sacra and B. serrata.
Bromelain is an enzyme found in the Bromeliaceae family, which includes the pineapple plant. The term "bromelain" may also refer specifically to two enzymes in this extract rather than the entire extract.
Calcium is a chemical element with the atomic number 20. It is an essential nutrient for all organisms, primarily for cell signaling and structural components.
Celery (Apium graveolens) is a member of the Apiaceae family, which also includes carrots and parsley. Celery plants can exceed three feet in height, and the leaves can grow to more than two inches in length.
CMO is an abbreviation for cetyl myristoleate, more formally known as cis-9-cetyl myristoleate. It is chemically classified as an ester, meaning that it is the product of a reaction between an acid and alcohol.
Chaga Mushroom is a parasitic fungus that supports healthy breathing, modulating imbalances in the immune system and helping to manage inflammatory conditions in the lungs
Chasteberry is a common name for Vitex agnus-castus, a species of flowering plant native to the Mediterranean region. It is also known by other common names such as Abraham’s Balm, Chaste Tree and Monk’s Pepper.
Chitin also has many applications as a health supplement that primarily relate to its role as a dietary fiber. Health supplements typically use chitosan, which is a modified form of chitin with greater bioavailability.
Chlorella is a good source of protein. It is also an abundant source of many vitamins and minerals that provide various health benefits.
Choline bitartrate is choline combined with a salt of tartaric acid. It has a much better absorption rate than pure choline, which is an essential human nutrient.
Chondroitin sulfate is a chain of alternating molecules of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine. This chain may contain over 100 molecules of simple sugars, although the specific quantities and positions can vary.
This mineral is now being recognized as important in carbohydrate metabolism. Organic chromium is an active ingredient of a substance called GTF (glucose tolerance factor).
Chrysin is a flavone, which is a class of plant pigment found in many flowering plants. The most significant natural sources of chrysin include flowers in the Passiflora genus, commonly known as passionflowers.
Cistanche tubulosa is a plant species that grows in the northwestern desert regions of China and similar arid regions of countries such as Iran, India and Mongolia. It lacks chlorophyll and is known as a parasitic herb - meaning it obtains nutrients and water from host plants whose roots it attaches to.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an enzyme known chemically as a 1,4-benzoquinone. The “Q” in the name refers to the quinone chemical group, which are derived from aromatic compounds.
Collagen is the common name for many types of protein that fill the extracellular spaces in connective tissue.
Copper is a component of many proteins in the body, typically metalloenzymes. It is essential for a large number of specific metabolic functions, especially the growth and repair of various tissues.
Cordyceps is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine for lung health, enhanced oxygen utilization and inflammation management
D-Limonene Limonene is a hydrocarbon chemically classified as a cyclic terpene. Its most common form, or isomer, is d-limonene, which is a colorless liquid at room temperature.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is also commonly known as cervonic acid. DHA is directly available through the diet, primarily from fish oil and breast milk.
DIM is an abbreviation for 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which is composed of a methane group with two indole groups attached to it. The primary natural source of DIM is the digestion of cruciferous vegetables.
Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O5, which has two structures known as enantiomers. L-malic acid occurs naturally in all organisms, while D-malic acid must be synthesized in the laboratory.
DMG is an abbreviation for dimethylglycine, an amino acid with the chemical formula (CH3)2NCH2COOH. It is derived from glycine, which is one of the 20 amino acids commonly used to synthesize proteins in humans.
Damiana has a long history of use in herbal medicine, especially in Mexico. Damiana is primarily used as an aphrodisiac in traditional herbal medicine.
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is known chemically as all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid. The structure of DPA is similar to that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), except that DPA has two more carbon units in its chain.
Dong quai is the common name for Angelica sinensis, an herb in the Apiaceae family. This family contains about 3,700 species, including carrots, celery and parsley.
DuoQuinol® is a unique combination of ubiquinol CoQ10 and geranylgeraniol (GG), developed and produced by American River Nutrition in the US. It is biologically identical to the ubiquinol in your body, providing the maximum level of CoQ10 benefits.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is also known as icosapentaenoic acid and timnodonic acid. Its chemical structure is 20:5(n-3).
Eleuthero is a common name for Eleutherococcus senticosus, a deciduous, woody shrub that originates from eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Korea and Russia.
Epimedium is a genus of flowering plants in the Berberidaceae family, commonly known as the barberry family. It contains over 60 species, of which up to 15 are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Feverfew is the common name for Tanacetum parthenium, a small bush that grows to a height of about 18 inches. This plant is also known by the scientific synonyms Chrysanthemum parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium.
Folate is the generic term for a group of chemically related B vitamins. Also known as vitamin B9, folate is an essential nutrient (not synthesized by the body) that is required for cell function and tissue growth.
Garcinia Cambogia is also known as Malabar tamarind or Goroka fruit which is often used for culinary purposes in South East Asia. Recently, it has been used in supplements after the discovery of weight management properties.
Geranylgeraniol (GG) is a substance that is made in the human body via a biochemical pathway called the mevalonate pathway. This is the same biochemical pathway that makes cholesterol, CoQ10, dolichol and Heme A.
Ginger is the common name for Zingiber officinale, a flowering plant in the Zingiberaceae family. Other plants in this family include cardamom, galangal and turmeric.
Ginkgo biloba is a tree that is commonly known as just ginkgo and the maidenhair tree. It is considered a living fossil since it is the only tree in its taxonomic division and its fossil record goes back 270 million years.
Beta-glucans are complex sugars known as polysaccharides. They are composed of simple sugars called D-glucose monomers that are linked together by beta-glycosidic bonds.
Glucosamine is a major component of joint cartilage and is also found in the synovial fluid around our joints. It plays a vital role in supporting support cartilage and joint function.
Glutathione is a tripeptide, which is a molecule consisting of three amino acids linked together by chemical bonds. Glutathione benefits include antioxidant support, and the promotion of immune and heart health.
Grape juice has been used in herbal medicine for centuries, especially in the Mediterranean region. Resveratrol is a natural phenol concentrated in grape skins that has strong antioxidant properties.
The most common use of grape seed extract is support for the cardiovascular system. It is also useful for maintaining digestive health, age-related conditions and eye health.
Red grape skin extract is very high in resveratrol, which accounts for many of its health benefits. These benefits include supporting heart health, antioxidant support and the body’s ability to manage healthy blood sugar levels.
Coffee has been used in health for centuries due to its stimulating properties, but recent research on the green coffee bean and its chlorogenic acids has resulted in this ingredient being used for weight management.
The New Zealand green-lipped mussel is scientifically known as Perna canaliculus. It also has common names such as the New Zealand mussel, the green-lipped mussel and the greenshell mussel.
Green tea extract is derived from the green leaves of the tea plant, scientifically known as Camellia sinensis. It has been an essential herb in traditional medicine for centuries.
Commiphora wightii is a flowering plant in the Burseraceae family, which is commonly known as the Torchwood family. Common names for Commiphora wightii include Mukul myrrh, guggul and Indian bdellium-tree.
Huperzine A is an alkaloid derived from Huperzia, a type of moss that grows in China. It is used for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
Inositol, known chemically as cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, has the chemical formula. The most common of inositol's nine forms, or stereoisomers. in nature is cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol.
Iodine is a trace mineral, most of which is converted into iodide in the body. It aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland and is an integral part of thyroxin.
Kaneka Ubiquinol™ is the active, non-oxidised form of CoQ10, developed and produced by Kaneka in Japan. It biologically identical to the ubiquinol in your body, providing the maximum level of CoQ10 benefits.
Kiwifruit originates from China, although its commercial cultivation didn’t begin until the early 20th century in New Zealand.
The L-form of arginine is one of the 20 amino acids that are commonly found in nature. It is classified as a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning that the human body can’t manufacture sufficient quantities.
Carnosine is known scientifically as beta-alanyl-L-histidine. It is composed of one molecule each of the amino acids histidine and beta-alanine, and is therefore known chemically as a dipeptide.
L-cysteine is an amino acid that is classified as semi-essential in humans, meaning that the body biosynthesizes adequate amounts of it under normal circumstances. The biosynthesis of l-cysteine requires methionine.
L-glutamine is one of the 20 basic amino acids in the human genetic code. It's a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning that dietary supplementation of L-glutamine may be required under certain conditions.
Histidine is one of the 23 amino acids used to build proteins in humans, known chemically as proteinogenic amino acids. It uses the codons cytosine-adenine-uracil (CAU) and cytosine-adenine-cytosine (CAC).
L-histidine is an essential amino acid, meaning that it must be obtained through dietary sources. It is also one of the 23 proteinogenic amino acids, which are used to synthesize proteins.
Lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning that it is not able be synthesized in the body. The most common use of L-lysine HCL in dietary supplementation is to aid with the natural recovery of sores.
L-methionine is an essential amino acid in all multi-celled animals. It must be obtained from diet and food sources since it is unable to be biosynthesized in the body.
L-ornithine is an amino acid that’s primarily used in the urea cycle, which eliminates excess nitrogen from the body. It isn’t an essential amino acid in humans, meaning that it can be synthesized in the body.
L-proline is one of the 20 amino acids that are used to synthesize proteins by the human body. This amino acid is encoded in the human genetic code with the codons CCA, CCC, CCG and CCU.
Pyroglutamic acid is a derivative of the amino acids glutamine and glutamic acid. It also known by other names such as pyroglutamate, 5-oxoproline and pidolic acid.
Selenomethionine is an amino acid that contains selenium. It exists in two forms known as enantiomers, including L-selenomethionine and D-selenomethionine.
L-tyrosine is an amino acid known chemically as 4-hydroxyphenylalanine. It is one of the 22 amino acids that the human body uses to build proteins.
Lecithin is a generic term that applies to any fatty substance composed of fatty acids, phospholipids, triglycerides, glycolipids, glycerol and choline.
A lipase is a type of enzyme that hydrolyzes lipids, meaning that it breaks down fats. These enzymes perform a variety of functions involving the digestion and transportation of dietary lipids.
Lutein is a pigment produced by many plants, that also affects the coloration of animals eating those plants. Low levels of lutein produce a yellow color in chicken fat and plant leaves after they lose their chlorophyll in the fall.
Lycopene is a carotenoid, which is a pigment that can be synthesized by plants but not animals. It has a bright red color and is named after the tomato plant, known scientifically as Solanum lycopersicum.
The most significant uses of lysozyme in health supplements derives from its ability to help with bladder health, healthy inflammation management and wound repair.
Methylsulfonyl methane (MSM) is also known by other scientific names such as dimethyl sulfone and methyl sulfone. It is an organic compound that contains sulfur, although it is relatively inert by itself.
Magnesium is a mineral necessary for energy metabolism, immune competence, the body's stress response, protein and fat synthesis, neuromuscular transmission.
Manganese plays an important role in the central nervous system, in fertility, as an antioxidant in the prevention of toxic oxygen forms, and in glucose tolerance.
The mangosteen is a tropical tree known scientifically as Garcinia mangostana. It probably originates from the Indonesian islands, although it now grows throughout Southeast Asia.
Milk thistle is a common name for Silybum marianum, a flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It also has many other common names, including Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle and Scotch thistle.
The primary use of trace minerals is the active site in enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. These minerals are needed in small amounts because enzymes aren’t consumed during these reactions.
Molybdenum is found in practically all plant and animal tissues. It is a co-factor in the detoxification processes, iron metabolism and the final stages of urine production and it also helps promote normal cell function.
Mushrooms comprise a significant portion of the diet for many people. Our ancestors have also used mushrooms as medicine for thousands of years. These are functional mushrooms with specific properties, which are called Medicinal mushrooms (MM).
N-acetyl L-cysteine is an amino acid derivative that is also known as N-acetylcysteine, or just acetylcysteine. It is derived from the amino acid L-cysteine, which has the chemical formula C3H7NO2S.
Nattokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme (able to break up fibrin clots) derived from a Japanese food called natto. Natto is boiled soybeans fermented with the bacteria Bacillus natto, through which process Nattokinase is produced.
Nicotinamide riboside chloride (NR) is a form of Vitamin B. When taken orally, NR dose-dependently increases the circulating level of a molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
Olive trees may be any member of the Olea genus, which contains about 40 species. The most commercially important of these species is Olea europaea, commonly known as the European olive.
P-amino benzoic acid (PABA) is used to synthesize folic acid, which is an essential nutrient. Folic acid is most readily available in leafy green vegetables.
Palmoitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a fatty acid amide. It is produced in small quantities naturally in the body and can also be obtained from protein rich foods such as egg yolk, soybeans, milk and other foods.
Papain is an enzyme known scientifically as papaya proteinase I. It is found in the papaya and mountain papaya, which are tropical trees native to Central and South America.
Pau D'Arco is also known as Taheebo and Lapacho. It comes from a large flowering tree that is native to sub-tropical regions of South America. Its Latin name is Handroanthus impetiginosus (sometimes referred to by the synonym Tabebuia avellanedae).
Corktree is a common name for Phellodendron amurense, which is a tree in the Rutaceae family. It is native to eastern Asia, especially northern China, Japan and Korea. Corktree has also become naturalized in North America.
Phosphatidyl choline is a collective term for any phospholipid with a choline head group. They are an essential component in cell membranes and serve a variety of other purposes.
Phosphatidyl l-serine, also known as phosphatidylserine, is a chemical classified as a phospholipid. It is a primary component of cell membranes and also plays a key role in apoptosis.
Phytosterols belong to a class of chemicals known as sterols, which contain over 200 identified members. They are structurally similar to cholesterol, although phytosterols are produced by plants.
Piperine has a long history of use in some types of traditional medicine. Its primary commercial use is in modern herbal medicine and insecticides.
Policosanol is a general term for a mixture of alcohols that are extracted from plant waxes. It typically comes from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), although yams and beeswax are also commercial sources of policosanol.
Potassium is a mineral that helps maintain cellular integrity and water balance, nerve transmission and energy metabolism. It is necessary for muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction.
Potassium Ascorbate is a salt derived from Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C. Potassium ascorbate has benefits of both potassium and vitamin C. These benefits include antioxidant activity, collagen production, healthy circulation and heart health support.
Protease refers to a group of enzymes whose catalytic function is to hydrolyze (breakdown) peptide bonds of proteins. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases.
The cultivated plant known scientifically as Cucurbita pepo includes pumpkins and squashes. Pumpkin seed oil is primarily made in central Europe, including Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, and Slovenia.
Quercetin is the common name for the chemical formally known as 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one. It is chemically classified as a flavonol, which plants often use as pigments.
Alpha lipoic acid is an antioxidant that is made in the body. It is found in every cell where it acts as a cofactor for enzymatic complexes. Alpha lipoic acid's main role is to help turn glucose into energy.
Red clover, known scientifically as Trifolium pratense, is a perennial herb that grows to a height of about 2.5 feet. The leaves grow in groups of three on each stem, which is the characteristic trifoliate pattern for clovers.
Reishi mushrooms have been used extensively in Asia as the “mushroom of immortality”. Reishi is known to promote longevity, resist aging, and boost energy.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid, along with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The primary difference between RNA and DNA is that RNA is a single-strand molecule folded in on itself.
Rice bran oil is typically used to support heart health, especially cholesterol levels. Additional benefits of rice bran oil include support liver health, menstruation and antioxidant effects.
Rutin is a plant pigment known scientifically as a flavonoid. It is also known by several specific scientific names such as rutoside, sophorin and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Rutin is named after Ruta graveolens.
S-Adenosyl methionine is a non-protein compound called a co-substrate. G. L. Cantoni first isolated SAM-e in 1952 from adenosine triphosphate and the amino acid methionine by using a chemical process.
Sarsaparilla is a common name for many plants in the Smilax genus, which contains at least 300 species. It is often used as a general term for Smilax species in the Americas.
Saw palmetto, known scientifically as Serenoa repens, is the only member of the Serenoa genus. It's a small palm with a maximum height of about 10 feet. Saw palmetto typically grows in dense thickets in sandy soil.
Serrapeptidase (Serratia Peptidase) is a multi-functional proteolytic enzyme that dissolves non-living tissues such as fibrin, plaque, blood clots, cysts, and inflammation without harming living tissue.
Shilajit extract comes from material that is extruded from sedimentary rocks worldwide, largely in the Himalayas. It is used extensively by Ayurevedic practitioners for a variety of ailments including for its promise to increase longevity. It is composed of fulvic acid, rock minerals and other organic substances that have been compressed by the layers of rock mixed with marine organisms and microbial metabolites.
Beta-sitosterol is a phytosterol, which is a sterol produced by plants. It is chemically similar to cholesterol, and the pure form is a waxy, white powder.
Spirulina is a type of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis, which are known scientifically as cyanobacteria. It includes two species in the Arthrospira genus, Arthrospira maxima and Arthrospira platensis.
Stevia is the generic name for a sugar substitute that is derived from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, a plant commonly known as sweetleaf and sugarleaf.
The common nettle is a flowering herbaceous plant known scientifically as Urtica dioica. It’s found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, primarily in temperate climates.
Strontium is a chemical element with the atomic number 38. It is a soft, reactive metal that quickly turns yellow in the presence of oxygen. Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank discovered strontium in 1790.
Tea is made from the leaves of the tea plant, scientifically known as Camellia sinensis. The tea plant originates from Asia, where it has been used as a beverage and in herbal medicine for thousands of years.
Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family. Tocotrienols, like vitamin E, are potent antioxidants against lipid peroxidation. Studies indicate that Tocotrienols are important in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.
Trans-resveratrol is a chemical known scientifically as 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene. It is classified as a stilbenoid, which is a type of phenol. Trans-resveratrol is produced by several species of plants.
Tribulus is believed to be an aphrodisiac. Research suggests that it will increase levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
Turkey Tail is a common polypore mushroom with strong immune boosting effects, Turkey Tail can help resist seasonal ailments and support healthy lung function.
Turmeric is an herbaceous plant known scientifically as Curcuma longa. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which includes ginger. Tumeric has rhizomes rather than true roots.
Ubiquinol is the active, non-oxidised form of CoQ10 regularly recommended for heart health. It is the most abundant form of CoQ10 in the body and has clear advantages over the oxidised form of Coenzyme Q10, known as Ubiquinone.
Undenatured collagen is also known as native collagen. It is a form of type II collagen that is manufactured by a strictly controlled process that preserves the active parts of the molecule. Undenatured collagen is different from the type of collagen people take for skin benefits.
Carotenoids are a class of red-orange pigments that are primarily produced by photosynthesizing organisms such as green plants.
A vitamin which maintains energy levels and supports brain function (memory). Vitamin B1 aids in digestion. It is necessary for the metabolism of sugar.
Vitamin B12 is necessary for carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. It is important to amino acid and fatty acid synthesis and is essential for hemoglobin and nerve cell growth and maintenance.
Vitamin B2 is a vitamin in the B group commonly known as riboflavin. It serves a variety of biochemical roles, especially enzyme reactions that activate other vitamins.
Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide and nicotinic amide, is the biosynthesized form of niacin, commonly known as vitamin B3. Both forms provide the same vitamin functions.
Vitamin B3, also known a nicotinic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell, DNA repair and many other essential functions.
Vitamin B5 is a vitamin which supports carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism and hemoglobin synthesis. It helps release energy from protein, carbohydrates and fat.
Vitamin B6 supports glycogen and nitrogen metabolism, production and transport of amino acids, production and maintenance of red blood cells and hemoglobin, nerve tissues and antibodies.
Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant water-soluble vitamin. When you are under stress the adrenal glands are known to "gobble up" vitamin C.
Vitamin D3 promotes calcium absorption, building bone mass and preventing bone loss; promoting heart muscle function; protecting against muscle weakness.
Vitamin E is an antioxidant needed for protection against the oxidation of fatty acids and cholesterol, helping to prevent oxidative damage to cell membranes and atherosclerosis.
Vitamin E is a natural antioxidant as it prevents other fat-soluble vitamins from being destroyed by oxygen and thus acts as a natural preservative.
Vitamin K's job is to put calcium in the right places and keep it from being deposited in the wrong places. The right places are bones and blood, and the wrong places include calcification of the vessels.
Wheat grass is the stalk of the common wheat plant, known scientifically as Triticum aestivum. It is typically sold as a dietary supplement, usually as a juice or powder.
Wild yam is the common name for Dioscorea villosa, a perennial flowering plant that originates from eastern North America. It is a hardy plant to zone 6 and grows abundantly in a wide variety of soil types.
Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid alcohol commonly found in nature. It plays an important role in the xanthophyll cycle, which is an essential process for photosynthesizing plants.
Zinc is a mineral important in the protection against free radicals, as a cofactor in vision, energy metabolism, amino acid and protein synthesis.
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